Deciphering Hot & Hotter Emerging Markets

Trying to further decipher whether the flow of funds into emerging markets' equity is broad based or selective, is an important question. If it is broad based, then it is primarily a big picture capital flows trend. Generally, when we get the big picture correctly, the smarter money would further drill down to specific markets. Not all markets are created equal. At any point in time, some markets will be more attractive than others based on the prevailing interest rates, growth rates assumptions, equity valuations and other lesser investing factors.

I have managed to come across a great chart by the highly respected Bank Credit Analyst, which basically explains which markets would "see the most action" in this current rally. Anyone could plot a valuation chart based on the country's prevailing interest rates and match that with the country stocks' forward or trailing PER. That would be quite one dimensional. The BCA's chrat is a lot more persuasive in that it is based on forward and de-trended (I don't even want to attempt to know what that word meant, but it sounded so sophisticated) trailing PERs, price to book ratio, and dividend yields shown relative to the average of 18 countries".

Hence it is a peer-to-peer analysis. There is one major shortcoming in that tabulation, in that it does not take into account the historical average valuation of each specific market say over the past 5 years. The BCA chart only looks at how each country is faring in valuation terms relative to one another. For example, if Malaysia's historical PER forward valuation was 18x, and HK's historical PER forward valuation figure is 15x - naturally if we just look at PER, HK will always look cheap relative to Malaysia. However if the current forward PER for Malaysia and HK are 14x and 13x respectively - HK would still be cheaper on a straight out valuation but in actual fact, we should look at its PER now compared to the historical valuation for a more nuanced and value-add commentary, whereby Malaysia's market would be the 'cheaper' one.

Besides that caveat the BCA chart looks very good indeed.

From the BCA chart, the most attractive markets NOW:
1) Czech and Thailand - these are "false favourtites" in a horse race. On valuation matric, they are the most attractive and cheapest, but their valuations have been skewed because of extreme financial distress (in Czech Rep) and heavy political uncertainty in Thailand. Hence we need to take these two out or at least regard them with a lot of conservatism.

2) HK - Its looking really good, tus explaining the surge in hot money there. Shanghai and Shenzhen are not so open to foreign funds, hence much of the hot money has been diverted to HK as proxy.

3) Poland - Cheap on valuations.

4) Malaysia - You wouldn't get many houses recommending Malaysia, but the BCA thesis puts Malaysia as highly attractive. Bank Negara's recent decision to leave rates unchanged makes things hotter still till the next BN meeting.

5) South Africa & Hungary - These are attractive but have very high rates, which indicates that money might be flowing out of these two countries. In an effort to retain capital flows, these rates are kept high. In instances like these, foreign funds regard these as tricky markets as your equity gains could be erased by a weak local currency in the end.

China is very hot even though its not the most attractive on valuations, it is a relatively closed market and the surge in bank lending (i.e. liquidity) over the past 6 months has ensured a most vibrant market.

Singapore unfortunately may be trailing the rest of the emerging markets as valuations wise, it is not that attractive. Still, trailing it may be, it will still enjoy some partying albeit much less enthusiasm.

Chinese Equity A Bubble In The Making?

Well, that should not even be a question, its a fact. The question should be for how long. Just because a market is considered expensive, does not mean one should get out immediately. It will be a tug of war. A bubble is usually because there is a concentration of liquidity and a flush of liquidity, as explained numerous times in this blog. Yesterday saw China markets doing a whipsaw, falling dramatically but still regaining some ground back. That is a prime example of a very strong momentum market. It will be volatile but the investors and players are not ready to leave the playground yet. Hence on rumours of possible tightening by the central bank, the markets will take that as an excuse to take profit and take some chips off the table. I don't think the China markets and HK market included will be paralysed so soon. Judging from the liquidity exhibited in recent IPOs in HK and Shanghai, this rally has some legs. Still, one has to react swiftly, in and out, its a traders' market not a buy and hold market.

After falling 70% from its peak in late 2007, the Shanghai Composite Index is up more than 80% off its low in November 2008 and 70% for the year. China's total market cap has risen 122% in 2009 to more than 10 trillion yuan. Valuations have more than doubled from their lows in November, but are still well below their peak in January 2008. In July IPOs resumed after new rule changes were put in place.


• July 10: The Shanghai Composite Index is up 70% in 2009, after falling 70% from the peak in late 2007. The Shenzhen index is up 87% in 2009. Trading on the first IPOs in nine months was halted after they jumped more than 20% from their opening price. The Chinese equity markets have rebounded on the back of the fiscal stimulus, expectations of a recovery in property markets and signs of improvement in domestic demand have given markets another boost
• Some of the new loans extended during the Q1 surge in bank lending likely found their way into the equity market as investors seek better return on assets, this could imply that the lending surge is not being invested in sectors that will boost growth- and that stock market gains are vulnerable especially given that Chinese equity returns have become more correlated with global trends
• China and other emerging markets have outperformed developed markets in 2009, suggesting that investors believe emerging markets have "decoupled" again. Another view is that emerging markets underperformed on the way down, and are over-performing on the way up—suggesting not decoupling but rather that they are performing like high-beta assets
  

Are Higher Valuations Sustainable?
• Stocks on the Shanghai Index traded at 28.1 times earnings in early June 2009, more than double the 12.9 factor they traded at in Nov, but below their peak in Jan 2008 at 50 times earnings
  
• Citi: Ample liquidity continues to push up asset prices. After strong lending growth through April, the market expects a slowdown in May/June. But May’s volume could be close to April’s (RMB591.8b), and June could see further growth, thanks to the non-seasonal pick-up in economic activities for the summer months
• DBS: State-owned enterprises' profits track exports more closely than GDP growth, suggesting that profits will remain under stress even as domestic conditions improve. Sticky wages and increasing commodity input prices increase the pressure from the cost side. Further, because inflation is likely to pick up before corporate profits, SOE's will likely face tighter credit conditions before their balance sheets improve
• Policy responses have boosted confidence and prevented further contractions of consumption and investment. Property, retail, and auto sales are healthy in volume terms, even if prices remain deflationary. The real impact of the stimulus will take time to filter through the economy and will show up in H2 2009
• The Chinese equity market continues to be speculative because hedging tools are limited (deterring institutional investors) information on the companies is sparse. Level of government meddling in the market makes true transparency difficult Many retail investors (who led the boom in 2007) retreated to demand deposits
• After a surge of IPOs in 07-08, there have been no new issues since Sept 08, when regulators feared new supply could further damage existing shares. The China Securities Regulatory Commission issued new regulations for listings on June 11 and has taken legal actions intended to ensure that Chinese markets are less prone to manipulation; IPOs are expected to resume soon
  
• New listings and release of block shares could drain funds from existing shares, threatening this year’s gains. The rule changes are intended to increase access for retail investors to IPOs, and limit the valuation surges that followed flotations in 07-08
• In an apparent attempt to reduce market volatility as new IPOs come online, the government is requiring that SOEs that have listed since 2005 transfer 10% of their shares to the social security fund, which will be subject to a 3-year lock-up period
• In 2007, regulations intended to deflate Chinese equity markets were implemented (stamp tax raised from 0.1% to 0.3% in May 07), these were mostly reversed in 2008 when markets fell sharply (stamp tax repealed completely in Sept 08). In an attempt to boost existing shares, IPOs were suspended in Sept 08
  
• The average daily volume on the Shanghai exchange has more than doubled to 13.6bn yuan in May 2009 from a low of 4.4bn yuan in Aug 2008
  

Sectoral Outlook
• Citi: Consumer-facing sectors could benefit from policy shifts that would help boost domestic consumption. Auto sector profits trail sales growth, banking sector profits down y/y but show q/q momentum, cement and food/beverage sectors should outperform, and insurance sector looks positive
• UOB: A pick-up in demand in H2 2009 should benefit energy producers. Dropping property inventories and the massive reduction in equity ratio requirement (20% from 35%) for new ordinary residential projects will boost the property sector, in turn boosting demand for steel and aluminum, as well as energy
• Planned massive infrastructure spending on the mobile network over the next 3 years should boost the telecommunications sector. Export-oriented industries (steel, shipbuilding, coal), despite stimulus spending, are reliant on a pickup in global demand
• Fidelity: railways, materials and the property companies may benefit from stimulus efforts. Industry leaders may benefit from consolidation. The large scale railway expansion should also boost demand for steel and cement. Conversely financial services and energy companies place more challenges ahead
  
• Domestic retail sales continue to grow on the back of government subsidy programs and the wealth-effect of rising asset prices, however exports remain in contraction.
• Chinese oil demand returned to positive growth in April, and Chinese oil firms were able to use favorable credit conditions to purchase assets abroad when oil prices were depressed

p/s photos: Suzanne Sae

Foreign Funds Flow

Suddenly foreign media is picking up on a surge in the flow of funds into Asian markets. Any truth in that?

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Foreign fund managers are banking heavily on an Asian earnings upturn and continual growth in China to drive market momentum forward. Following a lull, a sudden leap on Wall Street has boosted foreign investor interest in Asian markets. The psychology of the markets has changed from the fear of losing money to a fear of losing opportunities.

According to EPFR Global fund research, US$137.5 billion flowed out of money market funds and almost a fifth went into Asian and other emerging market funds in the second quarter. The trend has continued in recent weeks, although the size of inflows is subsiding. MSCI Asia ex-Japan rose by 34 per cent year-to- date to July 24 and emerging by 46 per cent in US dollars, but lower gains in euro and sterling. Credit Suisse said there are several positive fundamental factors which support foreign investment in Asia.

Asia is expected to lead the global recovery due to its low leverage and financial flexibility to pump-prime economies. Second, China and India are growth engines. Third, emerging Asia is projected to deliver an average earnings recovery of 33 per cent in 2010, according to the Institutional Brokers Estimate System. Finally, company directors are signaling earnings upgrades.

Recovery leaders include companies which benefit from the massive fiscal stimulus packages in China and selected Asian countries, and technology companies with the largest potential earnings rebound. Credit Suisse advises that the collapse in Asian and global trade was a function of falling final demand and liquidation of bloated inventories.

The Asian stockmarket boom has been a boon to fund managers who had a dreadful time between 2007 and spring of 2009. Over twelve months, MSCI ex-Japan is still down 26 per cent in US dollars. Thus, the 2009 rebound has only profited investors who entered the market this year and reduced the pain of others.

Jason McCay and Richard Evans who manage the Martin Currie Asia Fund, a hedge fund, are focusing on companies that concentrate on the domestic markets. They increased exposure to Chinese banks and have purchased residential Chinese developer Guangzhou R&F Properties. Bullish on coal, they have bought Bumi Resources in Indonesia and have also invested in the Indian property sector through Unitech. They are concerned, however that the market surge has been caused by a surplus of liquidity. 'Valuations are no longer cheap and many companies are already pricing in a meaningful recovery in profits.'

Aberdeen Asia Pacific Fund contends that equities 'appear to have run ahead of earnings and economic fundamentals and a pullback would be healthy.' Longer-term, Asia's sounder economic fundamentals will enable it to bounce back more strongly than the West'. Top stocks include OCBC, Jardine Strategic Holding, Samsung Electronics, China Mobile and Singapore Telecommunications and Singapore Technologies.

Andrew Beal, fund manager of Henderson Asia Pacific Capital Growth, notes that aggressive government policies, loose monetary conditions and a steady improvement in economic activity have all helped to drive markets higher since March. Taking a long-term view, he says there is growing awareness among Asian governments over-reliance on exports to the West has become a structural weakness. It needs to be addressed by stimulating domestic consumption.


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I do think stock prices have run a bit ahead of fundamentals. I do think the worst of the global crisis is behind us, although I do think Central & Eastern Europe still has some ways to go. Why are markets so inherently bullish now? You still get the majority of "experts" claiming that things are a bit too much, and yet they still keep running. Not just in Asia but look at the US equity markets in recent weeks.

I believe the answer lies in the massive liquidity on the sidelines. The massive liquidity stem from the government printing presses and various fiscal stimulus programs. Now that risk aversion has subsided somewhat, now that the bigger US banks seem to be on better footing, investors are more willing to place their bets ... no more bloody T-bills.

Naturally in such a situation liquidity would seek out the most liquid of assets. While bashed down property prices in the US might look attractive, its liquidity and gestation period may require a bit more patience. Most investors probably think its a better whack to trade the markets than to buy a depressed property now as you might have some time to wait out the property cycle. Even though many might be getting a bargain in the US property markets, getting a decent rental is another thing, getting a paying tenant that won't turn into a non-paying tenant quickly is another problem. All said, equity seems to be the only channel for these funds to trickle in.

In Malaysia, do not be fooled by the huge surge in the new index since launching because the index is very very skewed. Take the top 10 stocks and see their performance over the last 2 weeks and you will know what I mean. There has been a strategy to make the new index "look good", yes... there might have been some rebalancing by indexed funds as well ... but ... So, local equity market has not been as bullish as the new index would want you to be thinking. Its a rotational market, not entirely convincing... just look at weekly turnover value week by week for the last 6 weeks, you will find a distinctive trend... and you should be able to draw your own conclusions.

p/s photos: Fiona Xie